Healthy Environment
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Healthy environment
Healthy environment
FEMA / EPA Hazardous Materials Team Removing hazards left in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
Environmental health is the branch of public health That Is Concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment That May Affect human health. Other terms referring to gold concernant environmental health are public environmental health, and public health protection / environmental health protection. Environmental health and environmental protection are very much related. Environmental health is Focused on the natural and built environments for the benefit of human health, whereas environmental protection is the Concerned with protecting protective natural environment for the benefit of human health and the ecosystem.
Contents [hide]
1 Definitions
2 Environmental health profession
3 Disciplines
4 Concerns
5 Information
6 Mapping
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Definitions [edit]
Environmental health has-been defined in a 1999 paper by the World Health Organization (WHO) as:
Those aspects of the human health and disease That are Determined by factoring in the environment. It aussi Refers to the theory and practice of Assessing and controlling factoring in the environment and Potentially That can affect health.
Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, includes Both the live pathological effects of chemicals, radiation and Some biological agents, and the effects (indirect Often) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cultural environment , qui includes housing, urban development, land use and transport. [1]
As of 2016 the WHO website on environmental health states "Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factoring external to a person, and all the related factoring Impacting Behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of Those environmental factoring That can Potentially affected health. It is Targeted Towards Preventing disease and Creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behavior not related to environment, as well as behavior related to the social and cultural environment, as well as genetics. "
The Who has aussi defined environmental health services as "those services qui Implement environmental health policies through monitoring and control activities. They aussi Carry Out That role by Promoting the improvement of environmental parameters and by Encouraging the use of environmentally friendly and healthy technologies and Behaviors. They also have a leading role in Developing and Suggesting new policy areas.
The term environmental medicine May be seen as a medical specialty, or branch of the Broader field of environmental health. [Citation needed] Terminology is not fully ESTABLISHED, and in Many European countries used interchangeably They Are.
Environmental health profession
Environmental health professionals May Be Known as environmental health officers, public health Inspectors, environmental health specialists, environmental health Practitioners, sanitarians gold. Researchers and policy-makers aussi play significant roles in how environmental health is Practiced in the field. In Many European countries, physicians and veterinarians are Involved in environmental health. [Citation needed] In the United Kingdom, Practitioners must have a graduate degree in environmental health and be certified and registered with the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health or the Royal Environmental Health Institute of Scotland.In Canada, Practitioners in environmental health are required to obtenir year approved bachelor's degree in environmental health along with national professional the certificate, the Certificate in Public Health Inspection canada Many states in the United States aussi require That Individuals-have a bachelor's degree and professional licenses in order to practice environmental health. [citation needed] California state law olefins the scope of practice of environmental health as Follows"Scope of practice in environmental health" means clustering the practice of environmental health by registered environmental health specialists in the public and private sector dans le Meaning of this article and includes, purpose is not limited to, organization, management, education, enforcement, consultation, and emergency response for the purpose of prevention of environmental health hazards and the advancement and protection of the public health and the environment in the Following areas: food protection; housing; institutional environmental health; land use; community noise control; recreational swimming areas and waters; electromagnetic radiation control; solid, liquid, and hazardous materials management; underground storage tank control; onsite septic systems; vector control; drinking water quality; water sanitation; emergency preparedness; and milk and dairy sanitation pursuant to Section 33113 of the Food and Agricultural Code.
The environmental health profession HAD icts modern-day roots in the sanitary and public health movement of the United Kingdom. Reviews This was epitomized by Sir Edwin Chadwick, Who Was instrumental in the repeal of the Poor Laws, and in 1884 Was the founding president of the Association of Public Sanitary Inspectors, now called Expired the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health.
disciplines
Three basic disciplines Generally contribuer to the field of environmental health: environmental epidemiology, toxicology, exposure and science. Each of These disciplines Contributes information to describe different problems in environmental health, there is purpose Some Overlap Among Them.
Environmental epidemiology studies the relationship entre environmental exposures (Including exposure to chemicals, radiation, microbiological agents, etc.) and human health. Observational studies, qui simply observe exposures That People-have already Experienced, are common in environmental epidemiology Because humans can not be exposed to agents Ethically That are Known or Suspected due to disease. While the Inability to use experimental study designs is a limitation of environmental epidemiology, this discipline Directly observed effects on human health Rather than Estimating effects from animal studies.
Toxicology studies how environmental exposures lead to specific health outcomes, Generally in animals, as a means clustering To Understand as possible health outcomes in humans. Toxicology Has the advantage of Being ble to conduite randomized controlled trials and experimental studies --other Because They Can use animal subjects. HOWEVER there are Many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a lot of uncertainty When interpreting the results of animal studies for Their implications for human health.
Exposure science studies human exposure to environmental contaminants by Both Identifying and Quantifying exposures. Exposure science can be used to supporting environmental epidemiology by better Describing environmental exposures That May Lead to a Particular health outcome, identify common exposures Whose health outcomes May be better Understood through a toxicology study, or can be used in a risk assessment to determine whether current levels of exposure might Exceed recommended levels. Exposure Science Has the advantage of Being reliable to very Accurately QUANTIFY exposures to specific chemicals, It Does not generate profit Any information about health outcomes like environmental epidemiology or toxicology. [Citation needed]
Information from contention three disciplines can be combined to conduite a risk assessment for specific chemicals, mixtures of chemicals or --other risk factoring to determine whether an exposure poses significant risk to human health. This can in turn be used to Develop and Implement environmental health policy That, for example, Regulates chemical emission, gold imposed standards for proper sanitation.
Concerns
This article is in a list size That May be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if considers. Editing help is available. (January 2015)
Environmental health addresses all human-health-related aspects of the natural environment and the built environment. Environmental health Concerns include:
Air quality, Including Both ambient outdoor air and indoor air quality, including qui aussi Concerns about environmental tobacco smoke.
Climate change and Its effects on health.
Disaster preparedness and response.
Food safety, Including in agriculture, transportation, food processing, wholesale and retail distribution and sale.
Hazardous materials management, Including hazardous waste management, contaminated site remediation, the prevention of leaks from underground storage tanks and the prevention of hazardous materials releases to the environment and responses to emergency situations resulting and from Such releases.
Housing, Including substandard housing abatement and the inspection of jails and prisons.
Childhood lead poisoning prevention.
Land use planning, Including smart growth.
Liquid waste disposal, waste water treatment Including city plants and On-Site waste water disposal systems, Such As septic tank systems and chemical toilets.
Medical waste management and disposal.
Noise pollution control.
Occupational health and industrial hygiene.
Radiological health, Including exposure to ionizing radiation from X-rays or radioactive isotopes.
Recreational water illness prevention, Including from swimming pools, spas and ocean and freshwater bathing places.
Safe drinking water.
Solid waste management, Including Landfills, recycling facilities, composting and solid waste transfer stations.
Toxic chemical exposure whether in consumer products, housing, workplaces, air, water or soil.
Vector Control, Including the control of mosquitoes, rodents, flies, cockroaches and animals That May --other transmitted pathogens.
Selon recent Estimates, about 5 to 10% of Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost are due to environmental causes in Europe. By far the leading major MOST factor is particulate matter pollution in urban air. [7] Similarly, environmental exposures-have beens Estimated to contribuer to 4.9 million (8.7%) Deaths and 86 million (5.7%) DALYs globally. [8] In the United States, Superfund site created by various companies-have-been found to be hazardous to human and environmental health in nearby Communities. It was this Perceived threat, raising the specter of Miscarriages, mutations, birth defects, cancers and MOST That frightened the public. [9]
Information
The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program is a comprehensive toxicology and environmental health web site, That includes open access to resources produced by US government agencies and organisms, and is maintained under the umbrella of the Specialized Information Service at the United States National Library of Medicine . TEHIP includes links to technical databases, bibliographies, tutorials, and consumer-oriented resources. TEHIP is responsible for the Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET), [11] an integrated system of toxicology and environmental health databases Including the Hazardous Substances Data Bank, That are open access, i.e. available free of charge.
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